Miércoles, 4 de diciembre de 2019 (Continuación)

La búsqueda de legitimidad de China

La democracia liberal padece una crisis de legitimidad, o así se nos dice una y otra vez. La gente desconfía de las elites liberales, y cree cada vez más que la democracia que se les ofrece es una farsa. Esto se refleja en el éxito de los populistas en Europa y Estados Unidos, así como en el giro autoritario en los gobiernos de Turquía, Brasil, Filipinas y otros países. De hecho, la democracia liberal no solo se ve cuestionada en sus cunas europeas y americanas, sino que no ha podido despegar en el resto del mundo.

Todavía se cree que las democracias no entran en guerra entre sí.…  Seguir leyendo »

Ocho normas para la estabilidad en el ciberespacio

En poco más de una generación, Internet se ha convertido en un sustrato vital para las interacciones económicas, sociales y políticas, y ha hecho posibles enormes avances. Pero una mayor interdependencia trae consigo vulnerabilidades y conflictos. La cantidad de ataques de actores estatales y no estatales ha aumentado, lo que pone en riesgo la estabilidad del ciberespacio.

En noviembre, en el Foro de París para la Paz, la Comisión Mundial sobre la Estabilidad del Ciberespacio (GCSC por la sigla en inglés) publicó un informe sobre cómo crear un marco general para la ciberestabilidad. Esta comisión multisectorial (de la que fui miembro) fue convocada originalmente por el gobierno neerlandés hace tres años, tuvo copresidentes de Estonia, la India y Estados Unidos, y estaba integrada por ex funcionarios públicos, expertos de la sociedad civil y académicos de dieciséis países.…  Seguir leyendo »

Por qué los países deberían gravar el ingreso global

Si usted es ciudadano de un país, ¿debería pagar impuestos sobre los ingresos que gana solamente dentro de los límites geográficos de ese país o sobre todo el dinero que gana, independientemente de dónde? Estados Unidos, México, India, China y Chile gravan el ingreso global. Europa occidental, Japón, Canadá, Perú y Colombia gravan el ingreso territorial. Si el mundo avanzara hacia una tributación global y mejorara algunos mecanismos incipientes de intercambio de información, el impacto en el crecimiento inclusivo, especialmente en el mundo en desarrollo, sería muy positivo.

Quién debería pagar por el gobierno y cómo es una cuestión que está en el centro de cualquier sistema político.…  Seguir leyendo »

Students of Mehmet Akif College in Kosovo protest the arrest and deportation of their teachers in Pristina March 29, 2018. (Visar Kryeziu/AP)

A few weeks ago, in a meeting with Turkish parliamentarians not long after President Trump’s announcement that U.S. special forces had killed Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in northern Syria, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated that he regarded the U.S. president as a role model:

“Some countries eliminate terrorists whom they consider as a threat to their national security, wherever they are,” he said. “This means they accept that Turkey has the same right.” He then hinted about his target: “This includes the terrorists they shake hands with and praised. I hope we will have good news for the nation on this matter soon.”…  Seguir leyendo »

Demonstrators gathered outside the International Criminal Court in The Hague to call on the court and its chief prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, to prosecute Israel's army for war crimes. (Peter Dejong/AP)

When the International Criminal Court was founded in 1998, it was hailed as a breakthrough in the global fight against impunity. And even as ICC’s membership has grown to 123 states, many of the world’s worst criminals continue to escape justice. It’s often easier to prosecute a murderer than a war criminal, or a genocidaire. Especially when they’re the ones in power. That is why the world needs a court of last resort, an institution to prosecute those who national justice systems are unwilling or unable to prosecute. With the ICC the world has such a court, but it should be doing better.…  Seguir leyendo »

As Britain heads toward a Dec. 12 election, Boris Johnson has adopted a strategy of pitting the people against Parliament.

This isn’t just a populist rhetorical trick. The fact that the people and Parliament can be treated as opposing sides reveals a deeper crisis in Britain’s constitutional arrangement. I’ll explain below.

Parliament has fought to “take back control” of Brexit

The Brexit vote set off a major legal battle on whether the government needed Parliament’s consent to trigger the exit from the European Union. Parliament won the right to vote on the issue. And while most members of Parliament at the time supported remaining in the E.U.,…  Seguir leyendo »

An anti-American cartoon from June alleges that Americans were bribing CAR radio stations to broadcast lies. This image appeared on a Facebook page targeting the Central African Republic. (Stanford Internet Observatory)

In October, the Russian government hosted the first Russia-Africa Summit. More than 40 African heads of state arrived in Sochi to “identify new areas and forms of cooperation,” as Vladimir Putin noted in his greeting to participants.

A week later, Facebook announced that it had removed three networks of pages and accounts engaged in a long-term influence operation spanning eight African countries. Facebook, which had proactively identified a majority of the pages, attributed this operation to companies run by Yevgeniy Prigozhin, a man with close ties to Putin. Prigozhin is also the Russian oligarch U.S. authorities accused of bankrolling the Internet Research Agency — which the New York Times referred to as the “notorious Russian troll factory.”…  Seguir leyendo »

On Nov. 18, a U.N. committee passed a Russia-backed cybercrime resolution by a vote of 88-58, with 34 countries abstaining. Russia, Belarus, Cambodia, China, Iran, Myanmar, Nicaragua, Syria and Venezuela sponsored the resolution, titled “Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes.” The United States said it is “disappointed with the decision.”

The resolution creates a drafting group to create terms of reference for a global “cybercrime” treaty. But the cybercrimes of primary concern here aren’t hacking attacks, privacy violations or identity thefts. Instead, this treaty is intended to create international law that would make it easier for countries to cooperate to repress political dissent.…  Seguir leyendo »