Matias Spektor

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Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Brasília, November 2023. Adriano Machado / Reuters

Few leaders could claim, on taking office, to have induced sighs of relief from both Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Joe Biden. Yet in January 2023, that is exactly what Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva did. His narrow victory over Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, a right-wing extremist and an admirer of Donald Trump, sparked optimism across borders. Democratic leaders everywhere saw Lula’s win, which returned him to power for a third term after a 12-year hiatus and a stint in prison over corruption charges, as the herald of an antiauthoritarian tide. Autocrats the world over relished him as a seasoned statesman with a reputation for standing up to the West.…  Seguir leyendo »

U.S. President Joe Biden hosting the Summit for Democracy in Washington, D.C., March 2023. Jonathan Ernst / Reuters

Leaders of the global South have long accused Western countries of hypocrisy, and their complaints seem to grow louder by the day. These leaders feel emboldened to challenge Western dominance because they see the world becoming increasingly multipolar. The trend has not been lost on China and Russia, which go to great lengths to fuel resentment against the U.S.-led order.

Charges of hypocrisy against the West are often accurate and fair. Hypocrisy occurs when political leaders conduct foreign policy in ways that are inconsistent with their rhetorical claims of moral virtue, passing over alternative policies that correspond to their stated beliefs.…  Seguir leyendo »

In Defense of the Fence Sitters

As countries in the global South refuse to take a side in the war in Ukraine, many in the West are struggling to understand why. Some speculate that these countries have opted for neutrality out of economic interest. Others see ideological alignments with Moscow and Beijing behind their unwillingness to take a stand—or even a lack of morals. But the behavior of large developing countries can be explained by something much simpler: the desire to avoid being trampled in a brawl among China, Russia, and the United States.

Across the globe, from India to Indonesia, Brazil to Turkey, Nigeria to South Africa, developing countries are increasingly seeking to avoid costly entanglements with the major powers, trying to keep all their options open for maximum flexibility.…  Seguir leyendo »

A fire raging in the Amazon, Brazil, September 2019. Bruno Kelly / Reuters

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva’s triumph in the Brazilian presidential election marks a watershed moment in the global politics of climate change. Lula—as he is universally known—will replace outgoing president and climate change denier Jair Bolsonaro, who leaves a legacy of environmental destruction: deforestation in the Amazon increased by more than 50 percent during his four-year term. The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, mitigates global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Scientists warn that human-made deforestation at the current rate will push the entire biome over a tipping point, after which forested land will become savanna. Losing such a major carbon sink will have devastating consequences for biodiversity and human well-being in Brazil and far beyond.…  Seguir leyendo »

When Barack Obama lands in Brazil this weekend, he will find a country transformed. In little more than a decade, some 30 million people have been lifted out of poverty and the country has risen to seventh place in the world economy.

Change at home has revolutionized policies abroad. Brazil has woken up to the 10 states along its borders, becoming the eminent power and driver of regional integration in South America. It has set out to develop closer ties simultaneously with Israel, Syria and Iran.

Brazil has been wooing friends with credit, aid and trade. It has set up shop in most countries in Africa, where it delivers fast-growing aid and development assistance and invests heavily in oil and infrastructure.…  Seguir leyendo »