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Remember one thing as South Africa prepares to go to the polls this week and the world grapples with the ascendancy of the African National Congress leader Jacob Zuma: South Africa is not Zimbabwe.

In South Africa, no one doubts that Wednesday's elections will be free and fair. While there is an unacceptable degree of government corruption, there is no evidence of the wholesale kleptocracy of Robert Mugabe's elite. While there has been the abuse of the organs of state by the ruling ANC, there is not the state terror of Mugabe's Zanu-PF. And while there is a clear left bias to Zuma's ANC, there is no suggestion of the kind of voluntarist experimentation that has brought Zimbabwe to its knees.…  Seguir leyendo »

A little more than 12 years ago, I stood outside the Union Buildings, the light sandstone government headquarters in the South African capital of Pretoria, where the country's dour apartheid leaders made so many fateful decisions. It was there that tens of thousands had gathered in 1994, under a diamond-bright sky, to celebrate the birth of a "new" nation with the inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the country's first black president. Two years later, I had returned to interview Thabo Mbeki, then Mandela's successor-in-waiting. After an hour I had emerged confident that South Africa would be in safe hands.

My conversation with Mbeki ranged from the global economy to literature on the Highland Clearances, the 18th-century eviction of Scottish tenant farmers by their clan chiefs.…  Seguir leyendo »

South Africa is steeling itself for the most important election in the brief history of its democracy, taking place next month. With the euphoria of majority rule evaporating, will it go the dreary way towards formal one-party rule, or might it emerge as the one stable and truly constitutional big-state democracy in Africa? The question is wholly open.

As I basked in the epic view of Table Mountain, with the sun sinking gently across the world's most gloriously sited city, I could not resist the old Afrikaner cliche that this was God's own country. "Yes," replied a friend wearily, "and He is about to give us a criminal and a rapist as president.…  Seguir leyendo »

A las cuatro y media de cada mañana, el preso político más famoso del mundo se levantaba, hacía su camastro y corría durante una hora en una celda de menos de nueve metros cuadrados. Así, Nelson Rolihlahla -"alborotador"- Mandela (1918), un príncipe xhosa, pudo aguantar sin volverse loco más de un cuarto de siglo de encierro.

Había ingresado en prisión en 1962, condenado como líder de Lanza de la Nación (Umkhonto we Sizwe), brazo armado de su partido, el Congreso Nacional Africano. Ese movimiento perseguía una estrategia de gobierno de la mayoría negra surafricana, pero patrocinaba tácticas de violencia armada para liberarla del yugo del apartheid blanco.…  Seguir leyendo »

Few experiences are more frustrating than seeing misery unfold before you as you stand helplessly by. Few provoke a stronger urge to cry: “Something must be done!” Add a cartoon baddie with a creepy Hitler tache, the ruination of a beautiful land and a televisually awful cholera outbreak and the cries for action get shriller still: “Send in the troops!”

The ruination of Zimbabwe provokes - in Britain, at least - many more such calls than most of the other miseries unfolding in Africa. Ghastly, intractable problems such as Congo and Darfur are not our problem. Our history as the former colonial power makes Zimbabwe our cause - and our refusal to intervene, moral cowardice, dressed up in historical excuses and lingering white guilt.…  Seguir leyendo »

"¿Qué es el blues?", se pregunta el escritor afroamericano Ralph Allison. Es lo que los negros tienen como sustituto de la libertad.

Al enterarme de la muerte de Miriam Makeba [el 10 de noviembre en Nápoles, tras un concierto contra la Camorra], me vino de inmediato a la mente esta frase. Mamá África fue lo que durante muchos años tuvieron los surafricanos en lugar de la libertad: su voz. En 1963 llevó su testimonio al Comité de Naciones Unidas Contra el Apartheid. Como respuesta, el Gobierno surafricano prohibió sus discos y condenó a Miriam al destierro. Treinta años de destierro. Desde aquel momento, su biografía fue una demostración de voluntad política y social, una vida itinerante de música vetada.…  Seguir leyendo »

In 1990, when Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years' imprisonment in South Africa, he noted in his first speech to a waiting world: "I am a loyal and disciplined member of the African National Congress. I am therefore in full agreement with all of its objectives, strategies and tactics." His iconic status helped sustain the ANC over the next decade and a half as it transformed itself from a liberation movement into an electorally unassailable democratic government.

That unity unraveled last week. In short order, the party membership of former national chairman Mosiuoa Lekota was suspended after he claimed that the ANC had moved away from its founding principles.…  Seguir leyendo »

Democracy involves much more than throwing the old (white) rascals out. Democracy depends on what comes next - on the growth of a settled system that means governments can change amid constitutional calm. India long ago reached that point. Compare and contrast Zimbabwe. And, meanwhile, fear for South Africa.

The ousting of Thabo Mbeki isn't some sudden convulsion. He was on his way out anyway. But the manner of his dispatch is altogether more menacing. A president made to pay for dirty dealing? It can be made to sound like some heroic African Watergate. But there's nothing heroic about the fratricide that grips the African National Congress now.…  Seguir leyendo »

In Johannesburg, Robert Mugabe was given a rousing welcome by Africans from across the continent. As he addressed the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, we ululated and sang his praises, and after his brief speech we gave him a standing ovation. He spoke of the wonderful work he had achieved in Zimbabwe with his "agrarian reforms" in a country where 70% of prime land had been owned by just 4,000 white farmers.

Here was an African leader who was prepared to redress the injustices of the past by giving land back to its rightful indigenous owners. Here was a government doing what our own was afraid to: dealing with the problems of inequitable distribution through one short, swift surgical action.…  Seguir leyendo »

"Things on the ground," e-mailed a friend from a groaning Zimbabwe, "are absolutely shocking -- systematic violence, abductions, brutal murders. Hundreds of activists hospitalized, indeed starting to go possibly into the thousands." The military, he says, is "going village by village with lists of MDC [Movement for Democratic Change] activists, identifying them and then either abducting them or beating them to a pulp, leaving them for dead."

In late April, about the time this e-mail was written, President Thabo Mbeki of South Africa -- Zimbabwe's influential neighbor -- addressed a four-page letter to President Bush. Rather than coordinating strategy to end Zimbabwe's nightmare, Mbeki criticized the United States, in a text packed with exclamation points, for taking sides against President Robert Mugabe's government and disrespecting the views of the Zimbabwean people.…  Seguir leyendo »

An underreported attack on a South African nuclear facility last month demonstrates the high risk of theft of nuclear materials by terrorists or criminals. Such a crime could have grave national security implications for the United States or any of the dozens of countries where nuclear materials are held in various states of security.

Shortly after midnight on Nov. 8, four armed men broke into the Pelindaba nuclear facility 18 miles west of Pretoria, a site where hundreds of kilograms of weapons-grade uranium are stored. According to the South African Nuclear Energy Corp., the state-owned entity that runs the Pelindaba facility, these four "technically sophisticated criminals" deactivated several layers of security, including a 10,000-volt electrical fence, suggesting insider knowledge of the system.…  Seguir leyendo »

Jacob Zuma, the Teflon politician of South Africa, has performed one of the most stunning comebacks in the country's history. Despite having been sacked by Thabo Mbeki in 2005 for alleged corruption, remaining the target of an ongoing corruption investigation, and having faced accusations of rape, he yesterday swept to the leadership of the ruling African National Congress, defeating the incumbent, President Mbeki.Zuma's challenge is to keep the deeply divided ANC together, while delivering on his promises to a disparate and expectant support base. As if this were not enough, he will have to convince South Africa's anxious establishment - black and white - that his Lazarus-like rise does not herald the apocalypse.…  Seguir leyendo »

From the outside it looks as if South Africa's miracle is over. Jacob Zuma, the former Deputy President who was charged with rape and may soon be charged with corruption, is about to become President of the African National Congress and is likely to be the next president of South Africa. Thirteen years after the peaceful handover of power, the rainbow nation is threatened with a very nasty storm.

Here we go, say some. Here comes another Mugabe, a typical African dictator who will wreck his country. They point to the corruption charges and the rape trial where Mr Zuma said that to avoid catching HIV he showered after having sex.…  Seguir leyendo »

This weekend, 5,000 delegates of South Africa’s ruling African National Congress will gather in the dusty northern town of Polokwane to elect their next leader. They are faced with the choice of two bitter rivals who were once, as successors to Nelson Mandela, the closest of allies: the incumbent president, Thabo Mbeki, and his former deputy, Jacob Zuma.

Mr. Mbeki is constitutionally precluded from serving again when his term ends in 2009, but if he were to win the party leadership, he could select his own successor. A victory by Mr. Zuma would be a radical changing of the guard.

At preparatory provincial nomination conferences in November, A.N.C.…  Seguir leyendo »

South African president Thabo Mbeki's attempt to blame Britain for Zimbabwe's problems may convince fellow leaders at the Southern African Development Community's summit in Lusaka this week. But it is unlikely to bring a peaceful resolution of the country's crisis any closer - and is certain to deepen misgivings about perceived anti-western tendencies in South Africa's international outlook.

The SADC asked Mr Mbeki to mediate between Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe's Zanu-PF party and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change after a brutal crackdown on government critics, including the beating of the MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai, caused international repulsion earlier this year.…  Seguir leyendo »

Chris McGreal reports that the death of "five sleeping teenage boys" who "were shot by a military hit squad days before FW de Klerk received his Nobel peace prize" have returned to haunt the former South African president, who has consistently denied knowledge of "assassinations, bombings and torture against the regime's opponents" (Apartheid-era murder of sleeping teenagers returns to haunt De Klerk, August 6).De Klerk did authorise the attack. But his decision - despite its tragic outcome - was in keeping with national and international law and cannot be compared with the extra-legal activities of apartheid "hit squads".

The military action was targeted against the Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), which had carried out a number of attacks on whites.…  Seguir leyendo »

When Desmond Tutu speaks out about morality in politics and foreign policy, his nation and the rest of the world should listen. By criticizing the government he helped bring into being, the South African Nobel laureate raises in his own distinctive fashion some of the key issues of our time.

Tutu, along with Nelson Mandela, has been instrumental in guiding South Africa's peaceful and democratic transition from the tyranny of a white minority to black majority rule. Over four decades, Tutu has established a reputation for integrity, wisdom and fairness that has few equals on the world stage.

The retired archbishop of Cape Town also speaks his mind.…  Seguir leyendo »

By William Rees-Mogg (THE TIMES, 11/09/06):

THERE ARE two ways of looking at the historic problems of land ownership. One is the traditional way of seeking justice for the original owners, often through land reform. This often has its own problems, since it is sometimes impossible to establish who were the original owners; there may be several competing claims. The alternative is to give preference to those who will use the land to produce the most food, most efficiently.

In Africa, the historic approach is favoured by the black majority who often believe that their tribal lands were stolen by white farmers.…  Seguir leyendo »

By John Moore, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Cornell University and Nicoli Nattrass, the director of the AIDS and Society Research Unit at the University of Cape Town (THE NEW YORK TIMES, 04/06/06):

H.I.V. causes AIDS. This is not a controversial claim but an established fact, based on more than 20 years of solid science. It is as certain as the descent of humans from apes and the falling of dropped objects to the ground.

So why reiterate the obvious? Because lately, a bizarre theory has gained ground — one that claims that H.I.V. is harmless, and that the antiretroviral drugs that curb the growth of the virus cause rather than treat AIDS.…  Seguir leyendo »

By Nora Kenworthy, he works with an independent organization that provides psychosocial support to HIV-positive mothers in South Africa (THE WASHINGTON POST, 19/03/06):

One night last month, just past midnight, in a small South African rural town outside Johannesburg, I awoke suddenly to the realization that five young men had entered my room through a window to rob the guesthouse in which I was staying. In an instant they had two pistols pressed against my forehead in the dark, their faces close to mine, whispering in butchered English to shut up.

After a year spent providing field-based and administrative assistance to an HIV-AIDS organization from Cape Town, I somehow thought my love for this country and all my late nights spent working against its infections would insulate me from its violence.…  Seguir leyendo »