Egipto

MundoOriente Próximo,

Egipto, conocido por su vibrante cultura y rica historia, atraviesa tiempos difíciles, con una economía tambaleante y un sistema de salud en deterioro. Es emblemático de este declive un alarmante aumento de los nacimientos por cesárea, que expone profundas desigualdades en el sector sanitario del país.

Según la Encuesta de Salud Familiar de Egipto, el porcentaje de cesáreas en el país se ha disparado en la última década, del 52% de los nacimientos en 2014 a un asombroso 72% en 2021. Esto implica que hoy Egipto es el cuarto país con mayor proporción de cesáreas, unas cinco veces la tasa de entre 10 y 15% que recomienda la Organización Mundial de la Salud.…  Seguir leyendo »

Journalists protest in support of Palestinians in front of the Egypt Journalists Syndicate in Cairo, Egypt, on December 13, 2023. (Photo by Mahmoud Elkhwas/NurPhoto via Getty Images)

MundoOriente Próximo,

So far, the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) operation in Rafah remains ‘ limited’, meaning it is still under the threshold of a major military incursion like the previous bloody assaults on Jabaliya, Gaza City, and Khan Younis.

This should be good news for Egypt’s security. However, the reality is far from it. The operation, launched on 7 May, creates two major threats for Egypt.

Refugees

The first is a potential mass exodus of Palestinian refugees into Sinai. For Egypt, this has been a ‘ red line’ since the start of the war.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government seems to take Cairo’s concerns seriously.…  Seguir leyendo »

An Egyptian security detail escorting the UN Secretary General at the Egyptian side of the Rafah border crossing, Sinai, October 20, 2023. Los Salah/AFP/Getty Images

MundoOriente Próximo,

In February satellite photographs of a new militarized buffer zone along Egypt’s border with Gaza circulated online. The Egyptian government was silent about the matter for a few days, then said that the area was being prepared so that aid trucks could enter the besieged Palestinian territory through the Rafah border crossing. Unnamed Egyptian officials also told NPR and other media outlets that the government planned to contain up to 150,000 people there in case of a mass breach by Palestinians trying to escape Israeli assaults.

From October until May Israel systematically pushed Palestinians from across Gaza southwards into Rafah, against the refortified Egyptian border, where 1.3 million people, 600,000 of whom are children, now shelter, mostly living in tents.…  Seguir leyendo »

The Great Pyramid of Khufu and the pyramids of Khafre and Menkaure are visible in the background as a tourist walks at the Cairo Citadel overlooking the skyline of Cairo and Giza on 19 February 2024. Photo: AMIR MAKAR/AFP via Getty Images.

MundoOriente Próximo

When it comes to managing a financial crisis, luck is a valuable commodity – and Egypt has plenty of it. A $35 billion investment from the UAE and a $5 billion increase in a loan from the IMF – amounting in all to 10 per cent of Egypt’s $400 billion GDP – will go a very long way towards clearing the economy’s dollar shortage and eliminating any near-term risk of default.

The luck that has helped Egypt secure such massive financial resources comes from its proximity to rich neighbours, its strategic position in a fragile part of the world – especially its potential role in stabilizing a post-war Gaza Strip – and its political importance to the US, a status which has allowed Egypt to become the IMF’s second biggest borrower after Argentina.…  Seguir leyendo »

A makeshift tent camp housing displaced Palestinians in Rafah near the border between Egypt and the southern Gaza Strip. January 21, 2024. AFP

MundoOriente Próximo

Even before the Gaza war sent Middle Eastern economies reeling, Egypt was facing an economic crisis that risked fuelling unrest and destabilising the region. Cairo is paying the price for over-dependency on food and fuel imports that it can scarcely afford, as well as over-reliance on expensive short-term financing. Now the shock waves generated by the conflict in Gaza have augmented those already emanating from Russia’s war in Ukraine. Among other things, Cairo has lost several months of revenue from the re-export of Israeli gas and had to curtail domestic consumption when Israel stopped extracting from Tamar gas field for a time; it has seen the cancellation of tourist visits to the Sinai Peninsula because of its proximity to war-torn Gaza; and it is losing fees paid by cargo vessels passing through the Suez Canal, with traffic slowing dramatically since Houthi insurgents sympathetic to Hamas began attacking commercial shipping in the waters around Yemen.…  Seguir leyendo »

A convoy of trucks carrying aid supplies for the Gaza Strip from Egypt waits to cross into Gaza on the main Ismailia desert road on Oct. 16. A banner covering one truck displays a portrait of Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. Khaled Desouki/AFP via Getty Images

MundoOriente Próximo

In October 2013, at the age of 17, I was arrested during a demonstration in Cairo against the military coup that would bring Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi to power. Along with 67 other protesters, I was charged with unlawful assembly, subjected to a mass trial, and handed a 15-year sentence in a maximum-security prison. After six years and three months as a political prisoner, an appeal from my family to the Egyptian public prosecutor’s office led to an unexpected investigation into the circumstances of my trial and my release in January 2020.

Those six years in prison represent a significant portion of my life.…  Seguir leyendo »

At the Rafah border crossing between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, October 2023. Amr Abdallah Dalsh / Reuters

MundoOriente Próximo,

As Israel readies for a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip, much attention has shifted to how Egypt will respond in the coming days and weeks. The Egyptian government, after all, has been party to the 16-year-long Israeli blockade of Gaza, enforcing tight controls on what comes in and out of the enclave through the border crossing at Rafah. That crossing now offers the only escape route for people trying to flee Gaza and the only point of access for much-needed humanitarian aid for the besieged territory’s 2.2 million residents. A UN-brokered deal has allowed some trucks carrying humanitarian aid into Gaza from Egypt—not enough, given the magnitude of the crisis and the number of displaced people.…  Seguir leyendo »

Why Egypt Can’t Solve Gaza’s Problems

MundoOriente Próximo,

In this period of intense Israeli military preparation following Hamas’s horrific terror attack on Oct. 7, and equally intense diplomatic activities surrounding the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip, a crucial question has centered on Egypt’s role.

Why has Egypt appeared hesitant to relieve the humanitarian distress affecting Palestinian civilians on the other side of its eight -mile border with Gaza, especially since there really is no alternative to Cairo helping deal with the crisis?

Finding an answer lies in Egypt’s own challenges, and whether a nation with its own serious security problems and economic problems can be enough of a safe haven for others.…  Seguir leyendo »

A woman cleans tombs in Cairo’s City of the Dead cemetery. Asmaa Waguih/Reuters

MundoOriente Próximo, ,

My mother, who died suddenly when I was a teenager, is buried alongside her ancestors in a historic mausoleum in the area of Cairo known as the City of the Dead. It’s the oldest continuously used Muslim cemetery in the world, and its history traces back to the seventh century. My ancestors chose this burial place in order to be near Imam al-Shafi’i, a ninth-century holy man who rests in a magnificent shrine there. My family has five mausolea in the vicinity; the oldest is from the 1790s. From the outside they resemble the courtyarded houses of medieval Cairo. Inside there are gardens, carved marble cenotaphs and ornately decorated rooms, hung with dusty chandeliers, where grievers used to hold all-night vigils on holidays and death anniversaries.…  Seguir leyendo »

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi takes part in a meeting on the second day of a European Union-African Union summit at the European Council Building in Brussels on Feb. 18, 2022. Johanna Geron/AFP via Getty Images

MundoOriente Próximo

According to Nashat al-Daihi, the host of an Egyptian television program called “With Pen and Paper”, I am in the pay of the Muslim Brotherhood. He was not the only Egyptian outraged over my last column, which was about how Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi ruined Egypt. Sisi’s online supporters poured forth an endless amount of whataboutism and personal insults on my Twitter—er, X—timeline for what seemed like days, revealing once again that all hope for thoughtful debate on social media was lost long ago.

The claim is absurd on its face. There is simply no way that the Muslim Brotherhood would pay me for anything based on who I am and what I have written about them.…  Seguir leyendo »

The Great Pyramid of Khufu, right, and the pyramid of Khafre appear behind buildings in the outskirts of Cairo on March 2. (Khaled Desouki/AFP/Getty Images)

MundoOriente Próximo,

Cairo, a city of 22 million, is one of the most densely populated metropolises on the planet. Stacked side by side and almost atop one another, buildings swallow the city’s skyline, which itself is shrouded with sand blown in from the surrounding deserts. Public gardens offer an oasis in this parched expanse — where young people can picnic, walk or enjoy respite from cramped home life. Lovers find refuge and privacy. For many people, old and young, the gardens are the only place away from the city’s lung-scratching pollution to take in nature, relax, stretch and breathe deeply. The gardens are also places for conversation and debate in a country where such acts can be viewed as seditious.…  Seguir leyendo »

The Most Eloquent Speaker at the Climate Summit Is Alaa Abd El Fattah

MundoOriente Próximo,

On Sunday, the first day of COP27, the U.N. climate change conference in Egypt, Alaa Abd El Fattah, a British-Egyptian pro-democracy activist and writer whose seven-month hunger strike began as an effort to force the Egyptian authorities to permit British consular access to him in prison, escalated his protest by refusing water and all liquids.

Alaa, who has been in prison for most of the past nine years, was a popular, independent voice during the 2011 revolution, known for his fierce commitments to human rights and, above all, to bodily integrity. He insists that freedom from physical threat, violence and precarity must belong to everybody, be they a marginalized group, a political opponent or a prisoner, and that otherwise we are all in danger.…  Seguir leyendo »

Ecopostureo para ocultar la tiranía en la COP27

MundoOriente Próximo

El presidente egipcio Abdel Fattah el‑Sisi está tratando de usar la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (COP27), que comenzó esta semana en Sharm El‑Sheij, para posicionar a Egipto como líder mundial en sostenibilidad, presentando para ello una variedad de iniciativas medioambientales. Y para aprovechar la oportunidad al máximo, su régimen autocrático está explotando la reunión como una oportunidad para ecoposturear y lavar su deficiente historial en materia de derechos humanos y sus tácticas represivas.

El ministro egipcio de asuntos exteriores, Sameh Shoukry, que además es el presidente designado de la COP27, recalcó hace poco la importancia de la sociedad civil en lo referido a «proteger contra el ecoblanqueo, asegurar una transición justa [a las fuentes de energía renovables] y que compañías y gobiernos rindan cuentas».…  Seguir leyendo »

I Wish I Could Ask Alaa Abd el-Fattah What He Thinks About the World Now

MundoOriente Próximo,

In early 2011, after huge protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square ended Hosni Mubarak’s three-decade autocracy, many activists who had taken to the streets found themselves in high demand. They were guests on “The Daily Show”. Hillary Clinton, then the U.S. secretary of state, visited the square, remarking it was “extraordinary” to be “where the revolution happened”, and met with some of the activists.

Alaa Abd el-Fattah, the Egyptian activist, intellectual and blogger described as “synonymous with Egypt’s 25 Jan. Revolution” knew the world’s attention would soon move on.

“They’ll soon forget about us”, he told me more than a decade ago.…  Seguir leyendo »

A sea turtle swims with scuba divers in the depth of Ras Mohammed protection area near Sharm el-Sheikh in Egypt. Photo by TARIK TINAZAY/AFP via Getty Images.

ReflexionesNaturalezaMundoOriente Próximo, , ,

As COP26 drew to a close in Glasgow, Egyptian officials announced their priorities for COP27, emphasizing climate finance and climate adaptation – a new approach given previous COPs mainly focused on mitigation, reducing emissions to limit climate damage.

This was followed by the COP27 presidency outlining its vision at MENA Climate Week 2022 to achieve ‘substantive and equal progress’ on all aspects of the negotiations, and Egypt emphasizing its intention to focus on implementing existing carbon reduction targets rather than pushing for further carbon cuts.

Egypt argues it is hosting COP27 on behalf of African nations and that, while it is promoting the interests of the developing world, it will be an impartial arbiter.…  Seguir leyendo »

Mourners, soldiers, and military police carry the coffin of Egyptian conscript Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ali, one of 11 soldiers killed in an attack claimed by the Islamic State, in Khanka, Egypt on May 8. -/AFP via Getty Images

MundoOriente PróximoInternacionalTerrorismo Internacional,

In early May, the Islamic State-Sinai Province killed 11 Egyptian soldiers and damaged a natural gas pipeline. Far from demonstrating the Islamic State’s power in the strategic peninsula, the attack was the first major incident in almost a year, a far cry from the full-blown jihadi insurgency that had gripped Sinai only a few years ago. The Egyptian military finally appears to be making progress in rolling back the group. Not only have there been fewer attacks, but Cairo’s funneling of economic development funds to the peninsula has also generated some goodwill among the long-restive population. In March 2021, a coalition of Bedouin tribesmen, armed civilians, and Egyptian military killed the region’s Islamic State leader.…  Seguir leyendo »

A man holds a picture of Ibrahim Eissa during a protest in Cairo on Sept. 28, 2008. (KHALED DESOUKI/AFP via Getty Images)

MundoOriente Próximo,

In February, Egypt’s attorney general decided to investigate the writer and talk show host Ibrahim Eissa over his questioning of Salafi narratives of Islam. The move was a glaring contradiction to President Abdel Fatah al-Sissi’s repeated calls for the reformation of Islamic discourse. That contrast highlights the dilemma faced by Arab authoritarian rulers: Having decimated secularists and discredited liberalism, they have nothing left to fight Salafi thought with, and end up conceding further.

Since he seized power, Sissi has adopted the aura of an Islamic reformer. He restored churches attacked by extremists and legalized hundreds more, took the unusual step of attending Christmas Mass regularly and, last month, nominated a Christian judge to head Egypt’s highest court for the first time ever.…  Seguir leyendo »

My Son Is Not Alone. Millions of Young People Commit His Crime

MundoOriente Próximo,

Standing outside the Tora prison complex, where my son is held, a mother asks me: What’s your son in for?

“Politics”, I say.

She looks surprised, not because you can be imprisoned for politics — there’s nothing strange about that in Egypt — but because most political prisoners are Islamists, and she doesn’t think I look like the mother of an Islamist. “He was one of shabab al-thawra, ” I add, the young people of the revolution.

No further explanation is needed.

Why is my son, Alaa Abd El Fattah, in prison? He is one of tens of thousands of political prisoners in Egypt.…  Seguir leyendo »

Egyptian protesters shout slogans against the then-ruling military council during a rally in support of then-member of Parliament Zyad El-Elaimy in Cairo in February 2012. (Amr Nabil/AP)

MundoOriente Próximo

On Wednesday, after more than two years in detention without trial, Zyad El-Elaimy, Hossam Monis and four other young politicians and activists were rushed to a “State Security Emergency Court” and sentenced to three to five years in prison. They were not tried for their original “crime” — plotting to undermine state security by running for legislative elections in 2020. Instead, they were charged with “spreading false news, threatening national security and spreading fear”.

The evidence consisted of an article or social media post by each figure, in which they criticized Egypt’s human rights record and economic policies. The trial began just a day after the charges were laid.…  Seguir leyendo »

A picture taken on 25 November 25 2017, shows the Rawda mosque, roughly 40 kilometres west of the North Sinai capital of El-Arish, after a gun and bombing attack. STR / AFP

MundoÁfricaMundoAméricaMundoOriente PróximoInternacionalTerrorismo Internacional, , ,

In the sweep of events following the 11 September 2001 attacks, the low-level, intermittent jihadist insurgency in Egypt’s Sinai Peninsula is understandably outside the spotlight. While posing a persistent threat to Egypt, Sinai militants have only occasionally attracted significant notice outside the country, usually following spectacular attacks on tourist or other civilian sites. To a degree, the scant attention is a function of isolation: the Egyptian state has made the northern Sinai, the primary theatre of violence, off limits to journalists and researchers.

Though lack of access has hindered understanding of Sinai events, Egypt’s experiences with Islamist militancy, the broad contours of which remain visible from a distance, can still offer insight into how the 9/11 attacks shaped U.S.…  Seguir leyendo »