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El buen desempeño del populista prorruso Robert Fico en las elecciones de Eslovaquia podría provocar otra fractura en la coalición liderada por Occidente para contrarrestar el imperialismo de Vladimir Putin. Ya han estado surgiendo grietas en la antigua alianza estrecha entre Ucrania y Polonia en el período previo a las elecciones polacas del 15 de octubre. Con Hungría gobernada por Viktor Orbán, un aliado confiable de Putin, es posible que el presidente estadounidense Joe Biden pronto tenga que competir para no sólo con el bando de republicanos prorrusos de Donald Trump, sino también con los gobiernos de tres de los cuatro vecinos de Ucrania en la OTAN volviéndose rebeldes a favor del Kremlin.…  Seguir leyendo »

A medieval painting depicts Jogaila and Jadwiga of Poland, from the collection of the Jagiellonian University Museum in Krakow, Poland. Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images

In 1386, the last pagan ruler of Lithuania, Jogaila, married the child queen of Poland, Jadwiga, then in her early teens. The marriage created a political union between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which encompassed large parts of today’s Belarus and Ukraine. By doing so, it solved a twofold problem. One, it helped bring the vast Eastern European territories, including lands of the former Kyivan Rus’, into the fold of Western Christendom. Two, the union addressed the immediate security concern facing both Poles and Lithuanians: the threat of Teutonic Knights.

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth would go on to become one of the largest countries in Europe and a fascinating laboratory of political governance, studied in some detail by the United States’ founding fathers, particularly in the Federalist Papers.…  Seguir leyendo »

World leaders hold an emergency metting on the sidelines of the G-20 in Bali to discuss the missile that landed in Poland earlier this week. Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images

Each day, it would seem, Russian President Vladimir Putin has become ever more adept at creating more victims and new enemies – solidifying, even enlarging, the ranks of those arrayed against him, and strengthening the resolve of those he would seek to conquer. At home and abroad, there seems to be no limit to Putin’s appetite to wreak mayhem in pursuit of an ever more elusive victory.

The first missile to have landed in Poland – a NATO member – on Tuesday may well have been a Ukrainian anti-aircraft rocket intercepting an incoming Russian missile a short distance from one of Ukraine’s largest cities, Lviv, as suspected by Polish and NATO leaders.…  Seguir leyendo »

‘‘The collective fear reawakened across eastern Europe by this war is visceral.’ Photograph: Wojtek Jargiło/EPA

If the history of central and eastern Europe is being rewritten by the conflict in Ukraine, then so is the history of the north Atlantic alliance.

Two people were killed on Tuesday evening in Polish territory, struck, it seems, by a Russian-made missile. The US president, Joe Biden, and the Warsaw government sought to dial down the tension, saying on Wednesday that the missile most probably came not from Russia but from Ukrainian air defence.

The question for Poland, however, remains, as it would for any Nato member state, and especially one living in Russia’s shadow: what if this, or a similar incident, turned out to be a deliberate Russian operation after all?…  Seguir leyendo »

Ukrainian refugees with a Polish flag in Gdańsk, Poland, 6 November 2022. Photograph: Agnieszka Pazdykiewicz/Sopa Images/Rex/Shutterstock

If the outcome of the war could be determined by the toss of a coin, the camps would be clear: democracies would want  Ukraine to win, autocracies would want it to lose. But real-world political outcomes are not so binary. They typically fall on a spectrum between annihilation and total victory. This leaves the democracies divided into at least three camps: the English-speaking, the western European and the eastern European minus Hungary. What Putin calls the “collective west” all want Ukraine to win. But not necessarily to the same extent.

For Poland and the Baltic countries the matter is simple. They want Ukraine’s victory to be unequivocal.…  Seguir leyendo »

Le 24 février dernier, les soldats russes ont pénétré sur le territoire de l’Ukraine pour commencer la plus grande guerre en Europe depuis le conflit 1939–1945. Selon les données de l’ONU, presque 14 millions de personnes ont été forcées de quitter leurs maisons, dont 8 millions, principalement des femmes, des enfants et des personnes âgées, ont dû fuir le pays.

Comme pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Russie a organisé des déportations vers la Sibérie, et dans les localités conquises, elle a torturé les élites et les soldats, violé les femmes et perpétré des génocides. Des millions de femmes ont fui devant l’horreur que leur réservaient les militaires russes.…  Seguir leyendo »

Zares y atamanes

Vale la pena recordar estas palabras cuando vuelve a llamar a nuestra puerta, también en Polonia, la 'historia desencadenada'. Así es cómo definió un escritor polaco (Gustaw Herling-Grudziński), la época de los dictadores del siglo XX, Hitler y Stalin.

Vladimir Putin, heredero mental de esos dos bandidos, invadió Ucrania con el objetivo de destruirla como estado soberano. Probablemente esperaba poder repetir la operación de anexión de Crimea, sin un solo disparo, una rápida conquista que incrementó enormemente su popularidad entre los sectores nacionalistas de la opinión pública rusa. Sin embargo, Ucrania ha respondido con una resistencia heroica y meditada, reviviendo el espíritu de su Revolución de la Dignidad de hace ocho años.…  Seguir leyendo »

A l’époque, la Pologne n’est séparée de la Russie soviétique – sa voisine fraîchement née – par aucune frontière officielle et les deux parties tentent de s’approprier le maximum de territoires que les troupes allemandes en retraite laissent derrière elles. Comme les Allemands manifestent à de multiples reprises une attitude ouvertement plus favorable aux Soviétiques, ce sont ces derniers qui héritent du plus de terres. Dans les mois qui suivent, les combats engagés dans ces confins de l’Est de la République de Pologne font pencher la balance tantôt d’un côté, tantôt de l’autre, sans qu’aucun des deux belligérants n’arrive à s’imposer clairement.…  Seguir leyendo »

We knew the war was coming. But we did not expect it to become a full-scale conflict, displacing millions of people, in just a month. We did not anticipate so much tragedy and destruction. In our worst nightmares we did not expect to witness atrocities not seen in this part of Europe since the second world war.

Millions of people have fled Ukraine and 2.5m have arrived in Poland alone. We estimate that more than half a million refugees have passed through Warsaw, Poland’s capital. Another 300,000 have chosen to stay in the city and its suburbs. In just a month the population of Warsaw has increased by 17%.…  Seguir leyendo »

People, mainly women and children, arrive in Przemysl, Poland on a train from wartorn Ukraine on March 28. Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images

Numbers never tell the full story of a war. Often, however, they offer a good vantage point to look at the bigger picture. The key piece of data that actually tells the story of the future does not feature Ukraine at all—but, at the same time, illustrates the sheer scale of its tragedy. Since the Russian invasion, more than 2.3 million Ukrainian refugees have crossed the border into Poland.

This number in itself might not yet be worrisome. It becomes so, however, when contextualized. According to calculations made by the United Nations refugee agency and the Financial Times, Poland was ranked 101st globally in number of refugees it hosted in 2021.…  Seguir leyendo »

l 10 de marzo el ejército ruso seguía bombardeando despiadadamente Mariúpol, la UE adoptaba nuevas medidas contra Putin y los jefes de Estado y de Gobierno se reunían en Versalles para consensuar los siguientes pasos. Ese mismo día, el Parlamento Europeo adoptaba una resolución pidiendo sanciones financieras inmediatas contra Polonia y Hungría por presuntas violaciones del Estado de derecho. Tal cual: el mundo retiene literalmente su aliento ante una posible guerra mundial, Europa está en primera línea y al Parlamento Europeo le sobra tiempo para pedir que les quiten todavía más fondos a los dos países más afectados por la invasión y los que más y mejor están acogiendo a los millones de refugiados ucranianos que huyen del terror.…  Seguir leyendo »

A group of refugees waiting for a bus to go to a reception area near the border crossing between Ustrzyki Dolne, Poland, and Ukraine.

Polish people know the pain of being invaded. This is what an opera singer told me as she handed out hot stew to Ukrainian refugees in a tent near the mountainous border between Ukraine and Poland on a chilly night in early March. She had planned to go skiing. She came here instead.

“We were in the same situation in 1939”, said Susan Grey, the opera singer, referring to the Polish people during World War II. “We didn’t have such an opportunity to be welcomed. We didn’t have a place to go”.

It feels as if the entire country of Poland has joined the effort to welcome Ukrainian refugees.…  Seguir leyendo »

A woman walks outside a maternity hospital that was damaged by Russian shelling in Mariupol, Ukraine, on March 9. (Evgeniy Maloletka/AP)

As Russia rains relentless fire on Ukrainian cities, the country’s leaders have been pleading for more Western help. But the United States is rightly wary of a proposal to send the Ukrainians MiG-29 fighter jets — a move that would bring small benefits on the battlefield and entail large risks of a wider war.

The dilemma of how to help Ukraine without triggering a global conflict will only get more painful as Russian President Vladimir Putin keeps doubling down on his losing bet in Ukraine. The latest warning of Putin’s recklessness came from a senior British official, who warned Post journalists on Wednesday that “we’ve got good reason to be concerned about possible use of nonconventional weapons” by Russia down the road.…  Seguir leyendo »

Jakiw Palij, a former Nazi concentration camp guard, is carried on a stretcher as he is deported to Germany on Aug. 20. (ABC/AP)

As the United States deports a former Nazi concentration camp guard to Germany, the world has been reminded again of the popular image of the Holocaust as one of impersonal mass slaughter. In the death camps, Jews and other victims died at the hands of murderers who didn’t know their victims but were filled with anti-Semitic hate.

But by the time that the death camps’ gas chambers became operational, approximately half of the Jews who would perish in the Holocaust were already dead. Many of these Jews were tortured or killed by “ordinary” non-Jews at close quarters: in apartments, in streets, in the woods and anywhere else Jews could be found.…  Seguir leyendo »

An old train route south from the eastern Polish city of Przemysl passes through Ukrainian territory, then back into Poland. The tracks are a relic of the prewar past, when this was all Polish territory, before the Soviet Union “liberated” western Ukraine in 1939 from Poland and incorporated it into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

In the Communist period, some traveled this loop — no stops allowed — only to get a glimpse of a land then forbidden and inaccessible. But in 1980 and 1981 the brief Soviet excursion became a propaganda jaunt for Poles. Passengers flashed Solidarity signs from opened windows, boasting to their neighbors of the dissident trade union whose rapid growth threatened the Communist monopoly on power in Poland.…  Seguir leyendo »

Esta semana, en una exhibición de firmeza muy de agradecer, los líderes de la Unión Europea revocaron la invitación al presidente ucranio Víktor Yanukóvich, que debía asistir a varias reuniones importantes en Bruselas el jueves. De no haberlo hecho, habrían dado una imagen patética e insuficiente después de la condena escandalosa y casi digna de Putin de la rival política de Yanukóvich, Yulia Timoshenko, a siete años de cárcel, una multa de 190 millones de dólares y tres años de prohibición de ocupar ningún cargo oficial cuando salga de prisión.

La revocación de la invitación (en lenguaje diplomático, el "aplazamiento") planteó la interesante cuestión de saber qué iba a hacer Yanukóvich entonces.…  Seguir leyendo »